The Seebeck Thermal Stage includes two pairs of thermocouples. One pair is formed of junctions of copper and a reference material of known Seebeck emf. The other pair is formed of junctions of copper and the material whose Seebeck emf is to be determined. The system uses a sophisticated parametric double reference measurement technique developed at MMR Technologies, that yields precise, highly reproducible results, even with difficult samples.

• All new Digital Temperature and Seebeck Controllers!
• Maximum Operating Temperature: 70K to 730K
• Highly accurate and highly reproducible Seebeck Coefficient measurements - 50 nV
• Mismatch of Gains of reference and test channels: <0.1%
• Minimum Heater Step Size: 0.1 mW
• Automatic operation in a single step against an internal reference material.
• Ease of measurement of samples ranging from metals to thin films.
• Number of Readings Automatically Averaged: Up to 128
• Stand alone Seebeck Experiments at ambient temperature
• Full Software Suite provided for all measurements
• Sample Length: >2 mm and <10 mm
• Power available to heat the sample: 0.1 mWatt to 1 Watt
• Power Input: 110 V, 60 Hz and 220 V, 50 Hz