Integrating spheres are used for measurements of the reflectance or transmittance from samples, which are scattering, because they collect the entire radiation going into the hemisphere. The detectors are placed in the sphere-wall and see a radiation density, which are uniform at each part of the sphere wall and directly proportional to the hemispherical reflectance or transmittance of the sample.
The spheres are useful for the specular measurement of plane samples, too, because difficult adjustment of the detectors could be avoided. This fact is important for in-line measurements, especially. 

用于测量积分球的反射或透射散射从样品,因为他们收集整个辐射进入大脑半球。探测器固定放置在sphere-wall,看见一个辐射密度,在每一部分是均匀的球体的墙壁和直接成正比的,并在此基础上提出样品的反射或透射。这些球是有用的高光测量飞机的样品,也因为困难的调整检测器的可以避免的。这很重要,特别是在线测量。

Different wall materials are available:不同的墙体材料可供选择:

Barium-sulphate or PTFE for the solar range (0.3µm to 2.5µm) Barium-sulphate或聚四氟乙烯为太阳能范围(0.3µm到2.5µm)

Diffuse-gold for the infrared range (1µm – 25µmDiffuse-gold为红外范围(1µm - 25µm